Volcanic Lava Fountain
Volcano Terms and Definition


National Geographic - Volcano
The most dazzling but destructive natural force on earth. Massive volcanic eruption can turn day into night, releasing the power of an atomic blast, spewing toxic avalanches of lava, gas, and ash. National Geographic Video transports you to some of the world's most notorious volcanoes





Digtal Microscope

Lava fountain of the Pu`u `O`o cinder and spatter cone on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii.
Lava fountain

A jet of lava sprayed into the air by the rapid formation and expansion of gas bubbles in the molten rock is called a lava fountain. Lava fountains typically range from about 10 to 100 m in height, but occasionally reach more than 500 m. Lava fountains erupt from isolated vents, along fissures , within active lava lakes , and from a lava tube when water gains access to the tube in a confined space (see type of explosive activity where lava enters the sea , from the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory).



Dome fountain about 20 m tall formed during the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii.
Dome fountain

Dome fountains are hemispherically shaped lava fountains that form when the upward pressure of magma from the conduit below is in approximate equilibrium with the mass of ponded lava through which it passes. Dome fountains may reach as high as several tens of meters, and they typically occur in relatively gas-poor lavas.



Arching lava fountain 10-15 m tall on the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii.
Arching fountain

Instead of shooting lava vertically from a vent, an arching lava fountain sends lava upward and outward. Arching fountains form when the shape or geometry of an erupting vent forces the lava outward in a continuous stream of airborne lava.

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Volcano Glossary



Lava Flows and Lava Tubes
40-minute video uses spectacular and unusual footage of erupting volcanoes from Hawaii and around the world to explain the features found in many of our volcanic national parks and monuments, and to show how they form. It presents up-to-date scientific ideas about lava flows: how they move, how they change, and how they create lava tubes
Fire Mountain: The Eruption and Rebirth of Mount St. Helens
Two hundred and thirty square miles leveled in moments Five hundred and forty million tons of ash and volcanic rock exploded twelve miles high One cubic mile of earth blasted from the crest of one of the world's most beautiful snowcapped domes Captured in rare and spectacular aerial photography and survivor's own words and pictures, witness the terrifying fury of the worst volcanic disaster in American history
Ring of Fire - IMAX
The Closest You'll Ever Get to a Volcano Originally filmed in IMAX Ring of Fire takes you heart stopping close to the great circle of volcanoes and seismic activity that rings the Pacific Ocean. This film has been seen by millions of people. The story of these immense volcanic forces and the half a billion people that coexist with them every day around the fiery boundary of the Pacific Rim
Savage Earth
Waves of Destruction
Out of the Inferno
Restless Planet
Hell's Crust
From the legendary fury of Mt. Vesuvius to the devastating convulsions of Kobe, Japan, Savage Earth tells the stories of these great natural disasters, the scientists who struggle to understand and predict them, and the people whose lives are forever changed by their merciless force

          

           

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Source:
U.S. Department of the Interior