National Geographic Volcano
The most dazzling but destructive natural force on earth. Massive volcanic eruption can turn day into night, releasing the power of an atomic blast, spewing toxic avalanches of lava, gas, and ash. National Geographic Video transports you to some of the world's most notorious volcanoes
Volcanism
Volcanic eruptions are the clear and dramatic expression of dynamic processes going on in planet Earth. The author, one of the most profound specialists in the field of volcanology, explains in a concise and easy to understand manner the basics and most recent findings in the field of volcanology.
Volcano & Earthquake DK Eyewitness Books
Eyewitness Books provide an in-depth, comprehensive look at their subjects with a unique integration of words and pictures.
Lava Flows and Lava Tubes
40-minute video uses spectacular and unusual footage of erupting volcanoes from Hawaii and around the world to explain the features found in many of our volcanic national parks and monuments, and to show how they form.
 Aerial view toward the NE of the Pu`u Kapukapu fault scarp (maximum height about 320 m) in the Hilina fault system, south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i. In Hawai`i, these tall cliffs are called "pali's". |
Fault
Faults are fractures or fracture zones in the Earth's crust along which one side moves with respect to the other. A fault scarp is a cliff or steep slope that sometimes forms along the fault at the surface. There are many types of faults (for example, strike-slip, normal, reverse, and thrust faults) ranging in size from a few tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers in dimension. |
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Mount St. Helens, Washington Scientists measure the distance between two benchmarks spanning the fault scarp of a thrust fault on the crater floor of Mount St. Helens. This scarp developed on the crater floor in 1981 as magma rose into the lava dome (backgound) before erupting onto its surface. The pressure exerted by the rising magma against rocks surounding the conduit caused the crater floor to fracture along a plane gently inclined toward the dome. Material above the fault (person kneeling on upper surface) was pushed over material below the fault (person in lower right); in this view the fault scarp advances toward the lower right; arrow indicates direction of movement. Scientists measured an increasing rate of movement of this thrust fault before two eruptions in June and October 1981, which helped them to predict both eruptions accurately. |
| Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
Scientist measures the vertical offset along a fault that moved as a consequence of a 7.2 magnitude earthquake on the south flank of Kilauea on November 29, 1975. The total observed displacement along several similar faults of the Hilina fault system was at least 2.5 m. This earthquake resulted in dramatic ground movements along the south coast of Kilauea.
Subsidence Associated with Earthquake Subsidence of the ground shown by contours (m) on Kilauea Volcano associated with the magnitude 7.2 earthquake on November 29, 1975 (epicenter shown by star).Horizontal Ground Movement Associated with Earthquake  Horizontal displacments of benchmarks surveyed before and after the magnitude 7.2 earthquake on November 29, 1975 (epicenter shown by star). Use the vector scale (displacement, above) to determine the horizontal movement. For example, Kilauea's caldera moved southeast about 1 m and its south flank moved southeast between 4 and 8 m. Disappearing Evidence of 1975 EarthquakeThe physical evidence that such large movements occurred on Kilauea Volcano during the 1975 earthquake is becoming increasingly difficult to recognize. The famous submerged coconut grove at Halape is now barely recognizable.
Similar earthquakes and associated ground movements and tsunamis can be expected to occur on Hawai`i as long as Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes remain active. Because the number of residents of the Big Island has greatly increased since 1975, with most having no memory of the earthquake or tsunami, people need to periodically remind themselves of the safety steps to take before, during, and immediately after the next large earthquake. |
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Hilina Fault System, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Aerial view to the north of the Hilina fault system, which consists of a series of normal faults with scarps as high as 500 m on Kilauea's south flank. The large-scale offsets and associated seismicity in the south flank are thought to result from gravitational instability of this part of the volcano and from the repeated injection of magma into Kilauea's east rift zone. In contrast, the northern flank of Kilauea is relatively stable because it is buttressed by the mass of Mauna Loa Volcano. |
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Hilton Creek fault, Long Valley Caldera, California Aerial view of a glacial moraine along McGee Creek that has been offset about 15 m by part of the Hilton Creek fault system. Note cars in parking lot (lower left) for scale. The Hilton Creek fault is much larger than suggested by this relatively small offset--its scarp in places is about 1,100 m tall and forms part of the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada. The northern part of the fault terminates in Long Valley caldera, about 5 km NNE from this site. |
NOVA - In the Path of a Killer Volcano
The scientists who remain behind- and see some astonishing footage of the world's largest volcanic eruption in 80 years. Local tribes people were the first to see the signs. "There was a flash of light from the sky"
Elenco Electronics
Electronic Snap Circuits by Elenco is an award-winning toy for budding engineers eight years old and above.
Digtal Microscope
World of the Microscope
Science & Experiments Series
Fascinating, hands-on introduction to using microscopes, this book is packed with exciting projects which reveal the amazing detail of the world around us.
Learning Resources Gears! Gears! Gears! Oogly Googly
Includes motor and hand control, gears, springs, connecting blocks, two claws, and three eyeballs.
